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My name is Arum and I've been traveling by plane
for as long as I can remember. I've seen so many oxygen mask demonstrations
that I could probably do one in my sleep. Now that I think of it, I've
never seen an O2 mask anywhere except in a safety demonstration. I've
been on flights that were really bumpy, but nothing really scary ever
happened. When I think about all the work that goes into examining airplanes
and passengers for trouble, I guess that's not too surprising.
Before the first passengers even see the jetway, the plane has been
evaluated by a team of experts to make sure that every piece is ship-shape,
well-calibrated and ready to go. Here is a quick idea of the kind of
examinations that planes have to go through – and pass –
before they're considered fit to fly.
The
exact schedule of each check varies depending on things like the type
of plane it is, how many hours it has spent in the air since its last
check, how many takeoffs and landings it's had, national regulations
and the specific airline's preferences. |
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Line
Checks
After every flight the airplane's engine, tires, oil level and brakes
are given a quick but thorough examination to make sure that they
weren't damaged on the past flight. The passenger areas and galley
are cleaned and restocked.
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A
Checks
These are performed once each month. They usually involve a thorough
inspection of the movable surfaces, electronics, landing gear and
engines. Various parts of the plane are also checked for corrosion
and other signs of wear and tear. This kind of check can be done at
almost any airport. A Checks are often performed overnight.
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B
Checks
These are performed about once every three months. They are slightly
more in-depth than A Checks. B Checks might involve testing the emergency
slide rafts and recalibrating the navigation equipment.
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C
Checks
These are performed about every fifteen months. They can involve a
structural inspection of the plane's wings and fuselage. Some pieces
of the plane are actually removed so that they can be studied by themselves.
Any damaged parts are replaced. Sometimes airlines replace perfectly
good parts if there is something better or more efficient on the market.
For example, an airline wishing to install hush kits to make its airplanes'
engines quieter might wait for a C Check. C Checks can take a couple
of weeks to complete and require a fully equipped maintenance base
facility.
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D
Checks
These are only performed every eight to ten years and only at top-of-the-line
maintenance base facilities. Most airlines outsource their D Checks
to companies in countries in Asia and the Middle East, where the quality
of technical knowledge is very high, but labor costs are low. During
a D Check, almost the entire plane is taken apart, tested and put back
together. Worn-out pieces are repaired or replaced. D Checks can last
up to three months and require millions of dollars-worth of expert labor-hours
and other costs.
Because
they're so strictly maintained and refurbished, many airplanes can stay
in service for decades before they're retired. When a plane does stop
flying – or change to an airline with different needs –
it usually isn't because it's worn out but because it is no longer profitable.
Delta and American Airlines both decided to retire their MD-11's instead
of their Boeing 767's and MD-80's. The MD-11's weren't as old as the
other planes, but they cost more to fuel and maintain.
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